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Common pollution problems and control of reverse osmosis membrane system
In the daily operation of reverse osmosis membrane system, it is inevitable to have inorganic scaling, colloidal particles deposition, microbial breeding, chemical pollution and other problems, which affect the safe and stable operation of the system. The following describes the membrane system in the daily problems and control methods.
1、 Scaling of inorganic substances
There are Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Ba2 +, Sr2 +, CO32 -, SO42 -, PO43 -, SiO2 plasma in water. In general, it will not cause inorganic scaling, but in reverse osmosis system, as the source water is generally concentrated 4 times, and the pH is also greatly improved, so the more difficult to dissolve substances will deposit, form hard scale on the membrane surface, resulting in the increase of system pressure and the decrease of water production. In serious cases, the membrane surface will be damaged and the desalination rate of the system will be reduced.
Ion exchange dealkalization
It is mainly through reducing the concentration of CO32 - to reduce the risk of calcium carbonate scaling.
Control scheme of calcium sulfate scaling pretreatment
Removal of calcium by ion exchange
Calcium removal by lime softening
Adding special scale inhibitor for reverse osmosis
Control scheme of calcium fluoride scaling pretreatment
Removal of calcium by ion exchange
Calcium removal by lime softening
2、 Colloid and particle deposition
Colloid and particulate matter pollution is a common reverse osmosis system pollution. There are a lot of particles such as slime, colloidal silicon, metal oxides and organic matter in the water. In the pretreatment of reverse osmosis system, these pollution sources in the source water can be controlled to a certain extent without causing certain impact on the short-term operation of the system. However, due to the long-term operation of the system, the pretreatment effect is not ideal, the pretreatment backwash is not complete, and the operators' daily operation is not in place, which will cause the pollution of colloid and particulate matter in the system.
3、 Microbial contamination
Tap water generally inhibits the growth of microorganisms by controlling the residual chlorine. However, the residual chlorine has strong oxidation, which can oxidize the surface of reverse osmosis membrane and affect the service life of membrane and water quality. Therefore, the operation of reverse osmosis system requires very strict residual chlorine (0.1), which provides a favorable environment for the survival and reproduction of microorganisms. The acid slime produced by microorganism growth and excretion will block the micropores of membrane, resulting in the rise of pressure difference, which has laid a serious safety hazard for the safe operation of the system.
Microbial pollution is also a common pollution. After a large number of component anatomy and pollutant analysis experiments, most of the pollution is caused by microbial reproduction.
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